Date of Award

2026

Document Type

Dissertation

Degree Name

Doctor of Psychology (PsyD)

Department

Psychology

First Advisor

Frances Dalis, Psy.D.

Second Advisor

Camilo Ortiz, Ph.D.

Third Advisor

Lauren Lipner, Ph.D.

Abstract

Fee-setting in psychotherapy is a routine yet complex aspect of clinical practice that shapes access to care, the sustainability of private practice, and the therapeutic relationship. Despite its importance, limited research has examined how psychologists determine their fees in modern practice. Existing literature has largely focused on ethical guidelines, economic considerations, and the meaning of money in therapy, with less attention to how clinicians navigate fee-setting in real-world contexts. The purpose of this qualitative study was to explore the factors licensed psychologists consider when setting and adjusting their fees in self-employed, out-of-network private practice. Fourteen psychologists (Ph.D. and Psy.D.) participated in semi-structured interviews. Data were analyzed using Auerbach and Silverstein’s (2003) qualitative methodology. Findings contribute to a limited body of research on fee-setting in psychotherapy and highlight the need for greater training, transparency, and guidance in financial decision-making within clinical practice.

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